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There is a silver remnant with the priestly blessing from 700 BCE. This alone is an indication that at least some practices from Pentateuch were in existence 400 years earlier than your claim.

Very interesting video! I would never have imagined, on my own, that fewer settled sites would correspond with *greater* overall quality of life, with a greater specialization into pastoral trade. I can imagine it was quite an archeological puzzle at first. How fortunate we are to have the Merneptah stele, the pollen evidence, and the archeological evidence, all coming together to shed a bit of light on Israel, as far back as the Bronze Age collapse. Thank you for the detailed treatment of this topic!

Love the research n comprehensive presentation. However, I notice Dr Adler is cautious not to be challenged on the dating of the Torah - despite significant evidence people didn't practice Torah observance prior to the 2nd century.🤔

So what does this means ? 😮😮😮 So same issues is for validity for Jewish Tanak as well as Christians Bible .

26:46 in amharic its almost the same word

Did the professor know where the Torah laws came from, considering he posits they weren't in the day-to-day of ordinary Israelites??🤔

Question: Inasmuch as many of the elite in Israel saw the wrting on the wall and made their way south ahead of certain captivity, was there a similar migratory phenomenon ahead of Judah's destruction, and to where would they have fled? Egypt?

Was this wonder-working miracle working monk an Essene? It sounds like he was familiar with the Merkabah. Did the Essenes beliefs originate with the "school of the prophets?" Their literature is so heavy in prophetic and apocalyptic content. Fascinating insight and very pallatable scholarship! Thank you again so much!

Thank you so much for this series. This has been fascinating and informative.

Zemen in Ethiopia. Zemen ዘመን

Thanks I do not trust Religious Zionists Jews these days are phoney "Proofs " and "indications" frustrate me But i also find indications and proofs And Rabbis ?😂 Muslims are not Amalaik ! Im a Will Rogers American Fools are sadly everywhere here in Phoneyland

👏

I have Prof. Berman's book on kindle, but haven't had time to read it yet. Thank you for the interview -- it will certainly motivate me to read it. PS. I have doubts about the example with print and Eastern Europe. Because there Protestantism took off quite well, as did printing in the early days. This includes Catholics, but also to some extent Orthodox. And the defeat of Protestantism did not mean the abandonment of printing. It's easy to agree that there was less printing, but it seems to be more of an economic issue (the lower status of peasants in society) than a religious-cultural one.

Thank you for the education.

Totally fascinating. Alex, please give us more about this period.

Naomi Janowitz, in her book Magic in the Roman World, points out that the descriptions of divination practices in the OT, like that in the Saul story, are actually practices of the later 7th century world projected back onto the stories by the Deuteronomistic author(s). Another piece of evidence. Thanks for this lecture!

the disciples of Yeshua Christ are the ones called Christians (Acts 11:26) because they were preaching about who Yeshua was, that is He was the CHRIST

great video. RIP Prof Aitken.

Thank you shalom shalom

I have listened to Prof Yisrael Finkelstein both in the Hebrew interviews with Alex Tzeitlin, as well as here. As well as hearing other professors and doctors on the subject. He has certainly enlightened me and I flow with him being a Torah observing Jew. However I must question him with respect to the earliest mentioning of Israel being on the Menerptah Stele around 1208 BCE. I am most astonished on his blatant neglection of mentioning Tutmose the 3rd's incription mentioning "Ya'aqob-el" ("Jacob-El") on his campaign into and annexing Canaan around 1475BCE, some 270 years prior to the Menerptah Stele. Prof Yisrael Knohl mentions this and interprets this to be the name of a group of people locality within the region of the Horen, starting from the Golan Heights of today as its western extemity and extending eastwards, perhaps up to the Euphrates (?). Knohl states that numerous inscriptions of "Yaaqob-el" habe been found throught the Fertile Crescent, especially at Ebla. But all these inscriptions refer to single individuals by the name "Yaaqobel". However the inscription of Tutmose 3 is the first inscription of Yaaqobel either a group or place, more likely the former than the latter. If so - then this is the very first mentioning of the people of Israel albeit with the name Yaaqobel and not Yisrael. I add: this may imply that the people subjugated by Tutmos the 3rd may have been descended by one man named Yaaqobel, born say 200 years prior ca. 1700BCE, that they should be a sizeable group in 1475 BCE worth mentioning by Tutmose 3. Moreover, Prof Yisrael Finkelstein also blatantly omitted the 2nd mentioning of "Yaaqobel" also as a group, by Ramases the 2nd inscription around 1260 BCE, some 50 years prior to the Menerptah Stele. In this inscription "Yaaqobel" is mentioned among other theophoric names of the Edomite god "Qos". Prof Knohl thus interpets that this group of Yaaqobel were living among Edomites in south Jordan at this time and this group was most likely a splinter or branch off group from the Yaaqobel group in the directly northern Horen region. So why did Prof. Yisrael Finkelstein very blantantly omit these very first two inscriptions mentioning "Yaaqobel" prior to the mentioning of "Yisrael" in the Merptah Stele. The first mentioning of Yaaqonel group in the Horen around 1475BCE certainly suggests that the origin of the people were from the Horen region, not Canaan. Albeit if this group indeed are offspring from one man named Yaaqobel, then this one man may have originated from Canaan, with thephoric name with El suffixed to Jacob implying this, as El was a Canaanite deity, their chief god. I would appreciate if Prof Finkelstein could comment on this if he sees this somehow or other. Thank you, Shmuel, Ashqelon

While I flow with Prof. Yisrael Finkelstein's conclusions, I am nonetheless astounded at his claim that the Edomites are non-existant (at least not mentioned) prior to the 8th century BCE!! Prof Yisrael Knohl cites the Qos inscriptions of Rameses the 2nd in the mid 13th century!! So too does: en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qos_(deity) ".... Oded Balaban and Ernst Axel Knauf have claimed that certain names found on Ramesside topographical lists are theophoric and contain references to Qos, which if true would put the deity's earliest attestation more than 600 years before Yahweh's.[23] ...." So the Edomites are certainling living from 1250BCE and probably from 1300BCE. The 8th century claimed by Finkelstein starts from 800BCE - so this is 500 years. Why did Prof. Finkelstein blatently omit this known peice of trivia stating "Edomites don't appear prior to the 8th century?" Shmuel, Ashqelon

Great explanations. Thank you

In Shinshanq's desire for the reconquesta of Canaan which conflicts with the speculated Saul's desire of conquest: Prof Finkelstein said this may have influenced Saul's precence in the Valley of Ella, where David fought Goliath, as well as Saul's precence in Gilbia. In both of these cases and more the bible described Saul's adverseries as Philistines. Yet Prof. Finkelstein, for some reason does not factor in nor say a word about the role of the Phillistines in Shishanq's desire to take over Canaan? Before Shinshonq would traverse north or in the highlands, wouldn't he have to somehow first and foremost take on the Philistines of Eqron, Gath, Ashdod, Aza and Ashqelon? Wouldn't we find archeological evidence of the 10th century of Shinshanq somehow interfacing with the Philistines prior to Saul or Ladia in Shekhem and the Canaanites further north and east? Or perhaps some other external Biblical source stating that Shinshonq either attacked and took over or alternatively made a treaty with the Philistines in order to continue further north and east into the highlands? So where are the Phliistines here? We know from Rameses the 3rd of the 20th dynasty that the Philistines were just settling in to their new land on the southern Canaan coast already from the 12th century BCE. So wouldn't the Philistines have been a thorn to Shinshanq in the 10th century? Yet no mention of the Philistines with respect to Shishanq and Saul by Prof. Finkelstein?! Thank you, Shmuel, Ashqelon

What about discussing the message of the biblical texts the scholars are investigating?

If I recall correctly, in the Septuagint, there was an issue about pursuing war on the Sabbath. Maybe that was written in the Hasomanean period?

Merci pour cette présentation visuelle. Professeur Yonatan Adler vous êtes un bon pédagogue. ❤

we don’t have any parts of the hebrew bible that are older than the septuagint. the bible is greek

Mr. Israël Finkelstein is Very good Archeologe,he didt many great discoveries about the Ancient Levant, Israël

Prophecy is the WINNER!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

🎇 = Divine ⚖ i.e. { Peace, & Love} = { Ten Commandment Morality, Ethical Monotheism } Faith 🎯 : @ Cease Fire ; { P & L } ⚖ United Palestine 4 ALL , ⚓ Ohne ( apartheiden, Ethnic cleansen) { Blue - Bloded} ; i.e. Fanatic zionisten Politics Rauß { out } ! 😎 . Punkt. Point ! = " Copy " =Tous e منقول = = = >> WaL 7aM Du LiL-L 8i ,

How convenient to ask people who don’t have access to the scrolls itself 😂😂📜

I was fortunate to film at Megido in 2002. A site that left an impression on me back then. I have seen the updates and can't wait for a program on the latest developments with your team on site.

Judaism was made up later!

River in Quran is pronounced "Nahar" just like Hebrew.

Great work: Please where does the rein of King Saul fall in?

This Kedem RUclipsr's full time job is to curate the comment section

Thank you for discussion. I remember reading a book as a child in which the biblical reference to the Philistines of Crete was cited as evidence of a real memory. But the book was from the 1970s, and much has changed since then.

Legendary lecture. ❤

Rise and fall of a Jewish archaeologist. Still think the kingdoms of David and Solomon was myth ?

21:30 (corrected by GPT4, and edited) ""(corrected by GPT4) 20:38 Judean, um, the Judean government of the Hasmoneans is keeping the rules of the Torah, specifically the Second Commandment that says, 'You shall not make any images.' Right? This is the earliest evidence that we have. The earliest coins of John Hyrcanus (John Hyrcanus was a Hasmonean (Maccabean) leader and Jewish high priest of the 2nd century BCE (born 164 BCE, reigned from 134 BCE until his death in 104 BCE). In rabbinic literature he is often referred to as Yoḥanan Cohen Gadol (יוחנן כהן גדול‎), "John the High Priest". ) are from about 132-131 BC, before the Common Era. From coins that we have before this, from the third century BCE, we have Judean coins-coins that were minted in Judea-but they already have figural art. So there's an eagle on one side and on the other side the face of the Ptolemaic king. And when we go backwards even further to the 4th century BCE, now we're in the Persian period, we have on every single coin that was minted in Judea by Judean rulers, there's always figural art-either human faces, animals, or sometimes even gods, foreign gods, minted on the coins. On Judean coins, there's a coin that has the name of the high priest John, the priest who is the high priest in Jerusalem, who minted a coin with the owl of Athena on it. So, what we find from the Hasmonean period and onwards, this refusal to put any kind of figural art on the coins in deference to the laws of the Torah, it only begins in the Hasmonean period. We don't have any evidence for it before that."

26:02 ".....and obviously, 7 comes from the 7 days of creation" no, it comes from the Babylonian calendar more than a 1000 years before there were Canaanite tribes identifying as either Judah or Israel 33:45 "most important invention of the last 1000 years was the printing press" you'll find that the Chinese invented that some 1000 years prior to Europe (500 years if you're referring to movable-type) 37:50 "the bible is the 1st document in history intended for wide distribution" Enuma Elish, Epic of Gilgamesh, Atra-Hasis

He totally lost me when he suggested that biblical descriptions indicating the Philistines had a Greek background stem from an association with 7th century Greek mercenaries. The philistines had already been in the land for over 5 centuries by that time and had thoroughly “gone native”. To suggest that there was enough “Greek” left in the Philistines after half a millennium to recognize them as such in comparison to these new arrivals who would have had an entirely divergent history implies the kind of cultural memory and continuity on the part of the Greeks that he regularly denies is possible of the Israelites. It seems to me, the Bible describing the Philistines as Greek is just inconvenient to his notion that it has no early memories of such and so he proposes what is something of a deus ex machina to get himself out of the problem.

How are theses "ejective sounds" related to the click-sounds preserved in Khoisan languages?

I look forward to you two teaming up again. This series has been fascinating and greatly deepened my understanding of the Old Testament. Thank you so much!

I have learned so very much from Prof Finkelstein and Dr Adams. So grateful to the whole Kedem Team. Thank you all.

These conversations with professor Finkelstein are so much fun!! 🥰 Thank you very much!

a book about phsychedelic drug rituals thinking they were seing god lolol and child abuse ,, this is what all ur religions r made from lololol.. also mind control with phsychedelic drugs ,, this is still used today , the greeks invented pharmakia ..

Thank You for discussion!

This is very interesting about Shiloh. It reminds me (with all the difference in meaning) of a local stronghold from before historical times, next to which I live. It is known that it was not inhabited, but it is not known what it was used for: worship, or as a place of refuge.

esta claro que el judaismo biblico se originó en tierras de arabia y que etan judios de sangre arabe